Diagnostics of malfunctions
In this Section the simplest scheme of clarification of the reasons of the malfunctions and refusals happening in knots and systems of the vehicle is offered. Refusals and their possible reasons are broken into groups on a sign of the relation to certain components or systems of the car, such as the engine, the cooling system, etc., besides, in the text references to Chapters and Sections concerning these problems are given.
Remember that the successful completion of search of causes of defect is not the black magic available only to skilled professional mechanics at all, and is defined by a combination of a certain knowledge and patient, systematic approach to a problem research. It is necessary to move always from simple to difficult, to bring each check to the logical end and to try not to pass the obvious facts - everyone can forget to fill fuel in the fuel tank or to leave included in lighting fixtures for the night.
And at last, it is always necessary to try to make a clear picture of development of malfunction and to take the corresponding steps for prevention of a recurrence. If the failure of electric equipment happened for a cause of infringement of quality of contact, check a condition of all other contacts and electric sockets of system at the same time. If the same safety lock several times in a row continues to fuse, there is no sense in its further replacement - it is necessary to try to find out a cause of failure. Remember that failure of a minor component can be a sign of violation of functioning of more important knot or the whole system.
Engine
For start of the petrol engine it is necessary to satisfy the following conditions: fuel mix has to reach cylinders, and spark plugs have to generate a spark. Therefore first of all it is necessary to check whether fuel supply is carried out. As check is carried out, it is described in sections of the Head of the Power supply system and release.
For verification of a spark of ignition turn out candles, connect to the plug and connect in turn to weight. At the same time you do not hold the plug or a cable with hands, and use for this purpose the isolated cable. By means of the assistant start the engine.
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Not to damage the catalytic converter it is necessary to exclude fuel injection. For this purpose switch-off the relay of the fuel pump. |
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Observe security measures during the work with electronic system of ignition.
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At the diesel engine check fuel system and glow plugs.
The engine is not turned in attempts of its start
If the starter does not turn the engine, it is necessary to check at first whether there is tension on the plug of the 50th traction relay, necessary for input in gearing of a gear wheel with a gear wreath. Tension has to be not less than 10 Century. If tension is available, it is necessary to check electric wires of a chain of a starter according to the electrical circuitry.
Check of a starter is carried out as follows:
- Do not include transfer, include ignition.
- Connect a wire (section not less than 4 mm2) plugs 30 and 50 at a starter, see the electrical circuitry.
If at the same time the starter is started, then malfunction in food wires. In this case check a starter in the removed state.
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1. Corrosion of plugs of the battery takes place or fastening of tips of wires on them weakened. Check a condition of plugs and tips. Tighten terminal clips, if necessary remove corrosion traces.
2. The battery is discharged or faulty. If tips of wires are found by pure and reliably fixed on battery plugs, turn the ignition key in the provision of "ON", then include head headlights and/or screenwashes. If this electric equipment does not function, the battery is discharged.
3. Transmission is poor established in situation "P" (AT) or on neutral transfer (RKPP), or coupling is squeezed not completely out.
4. Conducting in a chain of system of start is torn off or fastening of wires on plugs weakened. Check a condition of wires, plugs and electric sockets of the battery, traction relay of a starter and the lock of ignition.
5. The gear wheel of a starter is jammed in a gear wreath of a flywheel. On the models equipped with RKPP establish it on transfer and, ceilings manually the car, turn that its engine. At the first opportunity remove a starter and check a condition of a gear wheel and a gear wreath of a flywheel.
6. The traction relay of a starter (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) is faulty.
7. The starter (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) is faulty.
8. The ignition lock is faulty. |
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The engine is turned, but not started
1. The fuel tank is empty.
2. Start is incorrectly made.
Petrol engine
Squeeze out coupling or install the AT selector in situation "P" or "N". Turn the ignition key and include a starter, do not give gas. As soon as the engine starts working, release a key. A starter include no more than 20 pages. Surely at once begin the movement. Do not warm up the engine on the standing car. If the engine after the first attempt is not started: wait a little that candles dried out. After that start the engine with half the squeezed-out accelerator pedal. If the engine is started, release a pedal.
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Frequent unsuccessful starts of the engine can do harm to the catalytic converter since not burned down gasoline gets to the catalytic converter and when heating vzryvoobrazno burns down. |
Diesel engine
- At the cold engine: Press coupling or install the AT selector in situation "P" or "N". Turn the ignition key so that the control lamp went out. Right after the control lamp went out, start the engine, without giving gas. As soon as the engine is started, release the ignition key. At a low external temperature include a starter during 40 pages. Surely at once begin the movement. Do not warm up the engine on the standing car.
- At the heated-up engine: If the control lamp of preheat does not light up, it is not necessary to include preheat. The engine can be started at once.
1. Malfunction in system of injection of fuel (The head of the Power supply system and release) takes place.
2. The battery is discharged (the engine is turned too slowly). Check functioning of electric equipment (address the previous Section).
3. Corrosion of terminal connections of the battery or their fastening weakened (address the previous Section).
4. The fuel pump (The head of the Power supply system and release) is faulty.
5. Components of system of ignition (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) are damaged or excessively moistened.
6. Spark plugs are worn-out or faulty or the candle gap (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) is incorrectly exposed.
7. Conducting of an electric contour of system of start is torn off or disconnected or fastening of wires on plugs weakened (address the previous Section).
8. Conducting of a contour of the coil of ignition is torn off or disconnected or fastening of wires on coil plugs (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) weakened
Diesel engines
9. Preheat of the diesel engine does not work: check serviceability of functioning of the device of preheat.
10. On the electromagnetic locking valve there is no tension. Connect to the switch the voltmeter or a sampler on a light-emitting diode. Include ignition. The light-emitting diode has to light up. Otherwise it is necessary to find break of an electrical wiring and to eliminate it.
12. The electromagnetic locking valve is faulty. Check reliability of fastening of the electromagnetic switch, check contacts. Switch on and off ignition. In the switch the click has to sound.
13. Damage to the line of supply of fuel or air to lines takes place:
- Pipelines or hoses are mechanically damaged or littered. Clear fuel pipelines and remove air from lines and the filter.
- The fuel filter is littered. Replace the filtering element.
- It is necessary to check the filter and pipelines for availability of ice or wax in the winter. Put the car in the heated garage, add gasoline to system.
- Ventilation of a tank or the mesh filter of a toplivozabornik is littered. Clean.
14. The regulator of cold start is not put in starting position. Extend on yourself.
15. Adjustment of the beginning of supply of fuel is brought down. Check, make adjustment.
16. Nozzles are faulty. Check. Turn off consistently cap nuts - at an otvorachivaniye of a nut of the faulty cylinder turns of the engine will not fall.
17. The fuel pump of high pressure (FPHP) is faulty. Establish new, or obviously serviceable TNVD for check.
The starter functions without engine provorachivaniye
1. The starter gear wheel is jammed. Remove a starter (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) and check its state.
2. Teeth of a gear wheel of a starter or a wreath of a flywheel are worn-out or damaged.
Start of the cold engine is complicated
1. The battery is discharged or insufficiently charged.
2. Malfunction of components of a power supply system or electric equipment takes place (Chapters of the Power supply system and release and engine Electric equipment).
Diesel engines
3. Paraffin in the filter of thin cleaning of the diesel engine. Replace a filter element. Fill winter fuel, or dilute with gasoline.
4. Glow plugs are faulty.
Start of the hot engine is complicated
1. The air filter (The head of the Power supply system and release) is blocked.
2. Malfunction of components of a power supply system or electric equipment takes place (Chapters of the Power supply system and release and engine Electric equipment).
3. Fuel does not reach injectors of system of injection (The head of the Power supply system and release).
Diesel engines
4. The engine fuel supply advancing corner got off.
5. A low compression in cylinders, TNVD is faulty or disadjusted.
Gearing of a starter happens is too noisy or with difficulty
1. Teeth of a gear wheel of a starter or a wreath of a flywheel are worn-out or damaged.
2. Bolts of fastening of a starter are lost or the effort of their tightening weakened.
The engine is started, but immediately becomes deaf
1. The electrical wiring is faulty or fastening of wires on plugs of coils or the generator weakened.
2. Malfunction of components of a power supply system or electric equipment takes place (Chapters of the Power supply system and release and engine Electric equipment).
3. Losses of depression through the pro-masonry surfaces of the inlet pipeline or block of injection of fuel take place. Make sure of reliability of an inhaling of fixing bolts / nuts, check the fact and quality of fastening on the unions on the inlet pipeline of all vacuum hoses. Check a condition of hoses and correctness of their connection (to the unions).
Stability of operation of the engine on single turns is broken
1. Depression losses take place. Make sure of reliability of an inhaling of fixing bolts / nuts, check the fact and quality of fastening on the unions on the inlet pipeline of all vacuum hoses. Wiretap the working engine by means of a stethoscope or a piece of a fuel hose. Existence of the hissing sound will allow to reveal a source of "leak" of vacuum. It is possible to use solution of soap water for check not less effectively.
2. Malfunction of components of a power supply system or electric equipment takes place (Chapters of the Power supply system and release and engine Electric equipment).
3. Loss of contact in electric wires of an electric gasoline pump.
4. Contamination of the fuel filter.
5. Malfunction of an injector.
6. The valve of system of the operated ventilation of a case is blocked (Head Dvigatel).
7. The air filter (The head of the Power supply system and release) is blocked.
8. The fuel pump does not provide giving of enough fuel to injectors of system of injection (The head of the Power supply system and release).
9. Leaks through laying of a head of cylinders take place. Perform measurement of compression pressure in engine cylinders.
10. Working ledges of cams of the camshaft are worn-out (Head Dvigatel).
Diesel engines
11. Quality of connections of fuel hoses on TNVD and the fuel filter is broken. Replace fuel hoses, fix them by collars, tighten screws of angular connections.
12. Fastening of TNVD is mechanically damaged or weakened. Check fastening.
13. Are mixed by junctions of the returnable pipeline and pipeline of supply of fuel. Put connections on the places. The screw of connection of the returnable pipeline has marking of "OUT".
14. Damage to the line of supply of fuel takes place:
- Pipelines or hoses are mechanically damaged or littered. Clear fuel pipelines.
- The fuel filter is littered. Replace the filtering element.
- It is necessary to check the filter and pipelines for availability of ice or wax in the winter. Put the car in the heated garage, add to system of gasoline.
- Ventilation of a tank or the mesh filter of a toplivozabornik is littered. Clean.
15. Adjustment of the beginning of supply of fuel is brought down. Check, make adjustment.
16. Nozzles are faulty. Check. Turn off consistently cap nuts - at an otvorachivaniye of a nut of the faulty cylinder turns of the engine will not fall.
17. The fuel pump of high pressure (FPHP) is faulty. Establish new, or obviously serviceable TNVD for check.
Admissions in operation of cylinders of the engine on single turns take place
1. Spark plugs are worn-out or polluted or the candle gap (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) is incorrectly exposed.
2. Malfunction of components of a power supply system or electric equipment takes place (Chapters of the Power supply system and release and engine Electric equipment).
3. Wires of spark plugs (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) are faulty.
4. Losses of depression in the inlet pipeline or through hose connections take place.
5. There is not enough, or compression pressure in cylinders is distributed unevenly. Perform measurement of a compression (Head Dvigatel).
Admissions to operation of cylinders at the movement of the car on transfer take place
1. The fuel filter is blocked or pollution of a power supply system (The head of the Power supply system and release) takes place.
2. Spark plugs are faulty or polluted or the candle gap is incorrectly exposed (Glavaelektrooborudovaniye of the engine).
3. Malfunction of components of a power supply system or electric equipment takes place (Chapters of the Power supply system and release and engine Electric equipment).
4. Defect of candle wires (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) takes place.
5. Components of systems of decrease in toxicity of the fulfilled gases are faulty.
6. There is not enough or compression pressure is distributed between cylinders unevenly. Remove spark plugs and perform measurement of compression pressure (Head Dvigatel).
7. The system of ignition (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) is faulty.
8. Losses of depression on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through vacuum hoses take place.
The engine becomes deaf
1. Adjustment of turns of idling is broken.
2. The fuel filter is blocked and/or moisture or dirt (The head of the Power supply system and release) got to a power supply system.
3. The refusal of components of a power supply system or sensors (The head of the Power supply system and release) takes place.
4. Components of systems of decrease in toxicity of the fulfilled gases are faulty.
5. Spark plugs are faulty or polluted or the candle gap is incorrectly exposed (The head the Current leaving and service). Also check a condition of candle wires (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine).
6. Losses of depression on the case of a throttle or through vacuum hoses take place.
The engine does not develop full capacity
1. Malfunction of components of a power supply system or electric equipment takes place (Chapters of the Power supply system and release and engine Electric equipment).
2. The air cleaner is littered. Clean or replace.
3. Spark plugs are faulty or the candle gap is incorrectly exposed (The head the Current leaving and service).
4. The ignition coil (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) is faulty.
5. AT liquid level does not conform to requirements (The head Automatic transmission).
6. Coupling revolves (The head Stsepleniye and power shafts).
7. The fuel filter is blocked and/or dirt/moisture (The head of the Power supply system and release) got to a power supply system.
8. Low-quality fuel is filled.
9. Compression pressure, insufficient or uneven on cylinders. Perform measurement of a compression which analysis of results allows to reveal existence of leakages of valves and/or violation of tightness of laying of a head of cylinders (Head Dvigatel).
Diesel engines
10. Uneven supply of TNVD fuel on cylinders. Adjust on the heated-up engine.
11. The moment of the beginning of supply of TNVD fuel is incorrectly determined. Establish.
12. The fuel filter or TNVD (nozzle) is littered. Wash out the preliminary filter, replace an element of the filter of thin cleaning, clean a spray or replace the pump (nozzle).
13. Adjustment of the maximum frequency of rotation of a bent shaft is broken.
14. TNVD heats up. The throttle valve is littered.
There are cottons in system admissions/shots in system of release
1. Malfunction of components of a power supply system or electric equipment takes place (Chapters of the Power supply system and release and engine Electric equipment).
2. Defect in a secondary contour of system of ignition (destruction of insulators of spark plugs or defects of candle wires) (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) takes place.
3. The system of injection of fuel needs adjustment, or its components are excessively worn-out (The head of the Power supply system and release).
4. Losses of depression on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through vacuum hoses take place.
5. Valves (Head Dvigatel) are jammed.
6. The order of connection of candle wires (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) is broken.
At the movement with acceleration or uphill there are mix detonation sounds
1. Fuel not of that grade is filled. Fill in in a tank fuel with the required octane number.
2. Malfunction of components of a power supply system or electric equipment takes place (Chapters of the Power supply system and release and engine Electric equipment).
3. The spark plugs other than recommended are established. Check candles and their wires for existence of damages (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine).
4. Depression losses take place.
Kalilny ignition takes place (the engine continues to work after switching off of ignition)
1. Idling turns are excessively high (Head Dvigatel).
2. Malfunction of components of a power supply system or electric equipment takes place (Chapters of the Power supply system and release and engine Electric equipment).
3. Working temperature of the engine is excessive. Decrease in level of a cooler (The head of the Cooling system, heating), failure of the thermostat, blocking of a radiator or malfunction of the water pump (The head of the Cooling system, heating) can be the possible reasons of this violation.
The diesel engine smokes
1. Black smoke:
- The air cleaner is polluted. Wash out and fill with fresh oil or replace an element.
- Inappropriate fuel is applied. Wash out a tank and replace fuel.
- The moment of the beginning of giving of TNVD is incorrectly determined.
- Bad operation of the control valve of a nozzle because of its leakage. Check work of a nozzle at the stand, if necessary sort and grind in the valve, or replace.
2. Blue smoke:
- Burning of oil in the combustion chamber owing to wear of piston rings, high level of oil in the air cleaner. Repair the engine, establish the normal level of oil.
- Fuel to one of nozzles does not move. Check on heating of final branch pipes of a collector.
- Bad dispersion of fuel a nozzle because of malfunction of the valve or break of a spray. Grind in the valve or replace a nozzle.
3. White or brown smoke:
- Low temperature in the cooling system. Check the thermostat.
- Bad work of nozzles owing to wear or break of a spray. Replace a spray.
Engine electric equipment
The battery does not "hold" a charge
1. The driving belt of the generator is worn-out or damaged, or adjustment of its tension (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) is broken.
2. Electrolyte level is insufficient, or the battery (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) is strongly discharged.
3. Corrosion of plugs of the battery takes place, or fastening of tips of wires on them weakened (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine).
4. The generator does not provide the required charge current (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine).
5. The electrical wiring of a charging contour is torn off or is in any other manner damaged, or fastening of wires on plugs (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) weakened.
6. Short circuit of an electrical wiring creates continuous leakage of the current developed by the battery on weight (address the Head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine and Schemes of electric equipment).
7. Internal defect of the battery takes place.
The control lamp of a charge does not die away
1. Malfunction of a charging contour or the generator (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) takes place.
2. The driving belt of the generator is damaged or worn-out, or adjustment of its tension (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) is broken.
The control lamp of a charge does not light up at turn of the ignition key in the provision of "ON" (at inclusion of ignition)
1. Fused or otherwise the control lamp on the dashboard failed (The head Onboard electric equipment).
2. The generator (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) is faulty.
3. Defect of the printed circuit board, conducting in the block of a combination of devices or the boss of a lamp takes place (The head Onboard electric equipment).
Power supply system
Search of malfunctions of system of injection assumes lack of errors of engine management. Both for cold, and for the heated-up engine the following rule works: before the beginning and during start of the engine it is impossible to give gas. The hot engine after start can have a need of increase in gas.
In the fuel tank there has to be a fuel, the engine has to be mechanically serviceable, the rechargeable battery has to be charged, the starter has to rotate with sufficient speed, the system of ignition has to be serviceable, the fuel system is tight, pollution in fuel system should not be, ventilation of a case has to be as it should be, the engine has to have connections with weight. Consider these memories of malfunctions.
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If fuel-supply lines are opened, it is previously necessary to wash out them an autocleaner. |
Fuel consumption is excessive
1. The element of the air filter (The head of the Power supply system and release) is polluted or blocked.
2. Malfunction of components of a power supply system or electric equipment takes place (Chapters of the Power supply system and release and engine Electric equipment).
3. Pressure in tires is not enough, or tires not of that size are installed.
Leak of fuel takes place and/or its smell is felt
1. There are leaks in lines of supply of fuel or ventilating lines (The head of the Power supply system and release).
2. The fuel tank is overflowed. You make gas station only before automatic shutdown of the gun.
3. Leakages of evaporations from lines of a power supply system (The head of the Power supply system and release) take place.
Cooling system
Overheat
1. The cooler in system (The head of the Cooling system, heating) does not suffice.
2. The driving belt of the water pump is worn-out or damaged, or adjustment its tension (Head Dvigatel) is broken.
3. The fan of cooling of a radiator does not develop necessary turns. The bimetallic sensor of the viscous coupling is faulty. At a temperature of cooling liquid of +90 - 95 °C start the engine and lift speed to 4000 - 5000 in a minute. At the same time turns of the fan has to increase considerably. Otherwise check the fan coupling. If necessary replace a bimetallic zlement.
4. Internal channels of a radiator are blocked, or it is polluted the front grille (The head of the Cooling system, heating) (is blocked).
5. The thermostat (The head of the Cooling system, heating) is faulty.
6. Fan blades (The head of the Cooling system, heating) are broken or burst.
7. Does not hold pressure a radiator cover. Make check of a cover pressure (address on car repair shop).
Overcooling
1. The thermostat (The head of the Cooling system, heating) is faulty.
2. Indications of the measuring instrument of temperature are inexact.
External leakages of a cooler
1. Hoses are damaged or destroyed as a result of material aging, or their fastening on unions weakened. Replace hoses and/or tighten collars of their fastening (The head of the Cooling system, heating).
2. Epiploons of the water pump are spoiled. In this case the cooler will exude through a control opening in a pump housing (The head of the Cooling system, heating).
3. Leaks from internal channels of a radiator or the side tank(s) take place. Professional repair of a radiator is required (the description of the procedure of removal is provided in the Head of the Cooling system, heating).
4. Leaks through a drain stopper of the engine (Head Dvigatel) or release traffic jams of water galleries (The head of the Cooling system, heating) take place.
Internal leakages of a cooler
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Internal leakages of a cooler usually come to light by check of a condition of motive oil. Examine an | |